https://linuxiexiu.github.io/docs/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93/Microsoft-SQL-Server/Recent content in Microsoft SQL Server on Linux邪修Hugozh© 2024 Linux邪修https://linuxiexiu.github.io/docs/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93/Microsoft-SQL-Server/SQL-SERVER%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%E6%B1%87%E6%80%BB/Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000https://linuxiexiu.github.io/docs/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93/Microsoft-SQL-Server/SQL-SERVER%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%E6%B1%87%E6%80%BB/<p>SQL Server (Microsoft SQL Server) 是微软开发的关系型数据库，其核心查询语言是 <strong>T-SQL</strong> (Transact-SQL)。与 MySQL 和 Oracle 相比，它在<strong>窗口函数</strong>、<strong>CTE (公用表表达式)</strong> 以及<strong>图形化管理工具 (SSMS)</strong> 方面表现卓越，但在命令行操作上依赖 <code>sqlcmd</code>。</p> <p>以下是 SQL Server 从<strong>环境连接、基础配置、核心 T-SQL 语法</strong>到<strong>运维监控</strong>的全流程指南。</p> <hr> <h3 id="第一阶段连接与环境-windowslinux">第一阶段：连接与环境 (Windows/Linux)<a class="anchor" href="#%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e9%98%b6%e6%ae%b5%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e4%b8%8e%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83-windowslinux">#</a></h3> <p>SQL Server 没有像 MySQL 那样通用的“命令行客户端”作为日常首选，绝大多数 DBA 和开发者使用 <strong>SSMS (SQL Server Management Studio)</strong> (Windows) 或 <strong>Azure Data Studio</strong> (跨平台)。但在脚本和 Linux 服务器上，我们需要用 <code>sqlcmd</code>。</p> <h4 id="1-使用-sqlcmd-连接-命令行">1. 使用 <code>sqlcmd</code> 连接 (命令行)<a class="anchor" href="#1-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-sqlcmd-%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%a1%8c">#</a></h4> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#e2e4e5;background-color:#282a36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#78787e"># Windows 集成认证 (信任连接)</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sqlcmd -S localhost -E </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#78787e"># 用户名密码认证</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P <span style="color:#5af78e">&#39;YourStrongPassword123&#39;</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#78787e"># 指定实例名 (SQL Server 支持多实例，默认实例是 MssqlServer)</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sqlcmd -S localhost<span style="color:#5af78e">\S</span>QLEXPRESS -U sa -P <span style="color:#5af78e">&#39;Password&#39;</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#78787e"># 执行单条查询并退出</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P <span style="color:#5af78e">&#39;Password&#39;</span> -Q <span style="color:#5af78e">&#34;SELECT @@VERSION&#34;</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#78787e"># 执行脚本文件</span> </span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P <span style="color:#5af78e">&#39;Password&#39;</span> -i C:<span style="color:#5af78e">\s</span>cripts<span style="color:#5af78e">\b</span>ackup.sql</span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="2-进入交互式模式">2. 进入交互式模式<a class="anchor" href="#2-%e8%bf%9b%e5%85%a5%e4%ba%a4%e4%ba%92%e5%bc%8f%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f">#</a></h4> <p>输入 <code>sqlcmd</code> 登录后，提示符变为 <code>1&gt;</code>。</p>